Tudors and Reformation Quiz

1. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   1. What did Pope Pius V's 1570 bull declare?

   1. AThat Elizabeth was excommunicated and her subjects freed from obedience
   2. BThat Mary should be crowned queen of England at once
   3. CThat the English Church was now reconciled to Rome
   4. DThat Catholics must attend Church of England services
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   A. That Elizabeth was excommunicated and her subjects freed from obedience. The bull, Regnans in Excelsis, declared Elizabeth a heretic and freed her subjects from loyalty to her. This made Catholic plots against her seem justified to some.

   

2. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   2. Which of Henry VIII's former ministers refused the oath to the new succession and was beheaded in 1535?

   1. AThomas Cromwell
   2. BThomas Wolsey
   3. CThomas More
   4. DThomas Cranmer
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   C. Thomas More. Thomas More refused the oath and was imprisoned in the Tower of London. He was later convicted of treason for denying the king's supremacy over the Church, and beheaded in July 1535. Cromwell was executed in 1540, Wolsey died in 1530 and Cranmer was burned in 1556.

   

3. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   3. Historians have found solid evidence that Robert Cecil invented the Gunpowder Plot.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
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   B. False. The theory is old, but historians have found no solid evidence for it. The conspiracy was real, though Cecil used it to make the laws against Catholics harsher.

   

4. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   4. In Luther's time, what was an indulgence?

   1. AA tax paid by monasteries to the king
   2. BA licence to print religious books
   3. CA certificate reducing the punishment owed for sins
   4. DA pardon from the emperor for heresy
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   C. A certificate reducing the punishment owed for sins. An indulgence reduced the punishment still owed for sins that were already forgiven, in this life or in purgatory. Luther objected to selling them as if forgiveness could be bought.

   

5. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   5. Why did the Armada fail to link up with Parma's army?

   1. AParma refused to take any part in the invasion
   2. BThe English had captured all of Parma's barges in port
   3. CIt had no deep-water port in Flanders and no way to communicate with him
   4. DThe Spanish ships ran out of gunpowder in the Channel
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   C. It had no deep-water port in Flanders and no way to communicate with him. The big ships had no safe harbour near Parma's army, and no way to coordinate with him. Dutch ships also threatened Parma's barges.

   

6. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   6. “Here I stand, I can do no other” appears in the earliest records of Luther's speech at Worms.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
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   B. False. The line is traditional. It is not in the notes taken at the hearing and may have been added when the speech was printed.

   

7. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   7. What was Elizabeth's Act of Uniformity of 1559?

   1. AIt banned all Catholic priests from living or working in England
   2. BIt required use of the English Book of Common Prayer and fined absence from church
   3. CIt united the kingdoms of England and Scotland under one crown
   4. DIt closed the remaining monasteries and sold their lands
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   B. It required use of the English Book of Common Prayer and fined absence from church. The Act of Uniformity enforced one form of worship, the Prayer Book. It fined those who did not attend church.

   

8. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   8. Why was Mary Queen of Scots so dangerous to Elizabeth?

   1. AShe commanded a large army in northern England
   2. BShe had been named Elizabeth's heir by Parliament
   3. CShe was supported by the Church of England
   4. DCatholics saw her as the rightful heir to the English throne
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   D. Catholics saw her as the rightful heir to the English throne. As Henry VII's great-granddaughter, Mary had a strong claim. Catholics thought Henry VIII's second marriage was invalid, so they saw Elizabeth as illegitimate.

   

9. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

   9. Why did Pope Clement VII fail to grant Henry an annulment?

   1. ACharles V, Catherine's nephew, held power over him after the sack of Rome
   2. BHe believed Henry's marriage was valid under Leviticus
   3. CCardinal Wolsey had advised him to refuse Henry's request
   4. DHe thought Anne Boleyn was unsuitable to be queen
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   A. Charles V, Catherine's nephew, held power over him after the sack of Rome. After Imperial troops sacked Rome in 1527, Clement was in practice under Charles V's control. Charles would not let his aunt be put aside.

   

10. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    10. Why did some Catholics start plotting against James I?

    1. AHe had executed his own Catholic mother
    2. BHe disappointed hopes of toleration and kept fining Catholics
    3. CHe had made an alliance between England and Spain
    4. DParliament had closed every Catholic church in 1604
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    B. He disappointed hopes of toleration and kept fining Catholics. Catholics hoped for toleration, the freedom to practise their faith, from a king whose mother was Catholic. Instead the fines continued and priests were banished. This pushed a few to violence.

    

11. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    11. The one thing we know for certain about 31 October 1517 is that Luther sent his theses in a letter to Archbishop Albrecht.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
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    A. True. The letter to Albrecht is recorded in documents. The nailing story comes from Melanchthon after Luther's death, and Luther never mentioned it.

    

12. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    12. Elizabeth's “heart and stomach of a king” speech at Tilbury was written down at the time she gave it.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
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    B. False. The famous wording comes from a letter written by Leonel Sharp some thirty-five years later, and earlier versions differ.

    

13. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    13. Why could Charles V not enforce the Edict of Worms in Germany?

    1. AThe pope had withdrawn his support for the Edict
    2. BHe was fighting France and the Ottomans and needed the German princes
    3. CThe Diet had voted to cancel the Edict soon after
    4. DLuther's followers had captured the city of Worms
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    B. He was fighting France and the Ottomans and needed the German princes. Charles needed the princes' money and soldiers for his wars, so he could not afford civil war in Germany. Many princes ignored the Edict.

    

14. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    14. Who did the Duke of Northumberland try to put on the throne after Edward VI's death?

    1. ALady Jane Grey
    2. BMary Queen of Scots
    3. CElizabeth
    4. DAnne of Cleves
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    A. Lady Jane Grey. Northumberland named Lady Jane Grey to keep Protestant rule. She lasted nine days before Mary took the throne.

    

15. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    15. Mary Queen of Scots was executed because she took part in the murder of Lord Darnley.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
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    B. False. She was executed in 1587 for plotting against Elizabeth, in the Babington plot. Her part in Darnley's murder in 1567 is still argued about.

    

16. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    16. A painted portrait of Anne Boleyn made during her lifetime survives.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
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    B. False. The well-known portraits are later copies of lost originals. A lead medal of 1534 in the British Museum is the only likeness generally accepted as made in her lifetime.

    

17. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    17. Why did Luther's theses spread across Germany in weeks rather than years?

    1. APrinters copied and translated them quickly
    2. BThe emperor ordered them read in every church
    3. CPilgrims carried copies from Rome
    4. DUniversities were required to debate them
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    A. Printers copied and translated them quickly. Printers in Nuremberg, Leipzig and Basel reprinted the Latin text and had it translated into German. Luther had meant a debate among scholars, but the press made it public.

    

18. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    18. What broke the Armada's formation at Calais?

    1. AEnglish fireships
    2. BA sudden storm
    3. CA mutiny among the Spanish crews
    4. DA shortage of fresh water
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    A. English fireships. Eight fireships were sent into the anchored fleet. They panicked the Spaniards, who cut their anchor cables and scattered.

    

19. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    19. Why did Luther travel to Worms in 1521?

    1. AThe pope had summoned him to Rome
    2. BEmperor Charles V summoned him to answer for his writings
    3. CThe University of Wittenberg had expelled him
    4. DHe was invited to preach before the princes
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    B. Emperor Charles V summoned him to answer for his writings. Charles V summoned him to the Diet and gave him a safe-conduct, a promise of safe travel. Luther had already been excommunicated by the pope in January 1521.

    

20. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    20. Elizabeth's 1559 Act of Supremacy made her “Supreme Governor” rather than “Supreme Head” of the Church.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
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    A. True. The title “Governor” avoided the objection that a woman could not be “head” of the Church, as her father had been.

    

21. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    21. How did Walsingham's agents intercept the letters of Mary Queen of Scots in 1586?

    1. ABy bribing her jailer to hand over all of her private papers
    2. BBy copying letters smuggled in and out of her prison in a beer barrel
    3. CBy capturing her messenger on the long road north to Scotland
    4. DBy stealing and reading the secret diary she kept in prison
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    B. By copying letters smuggled in and out of her prison in a beer barrel. Mary's letters were hidden in a brewer's barrel at Chartley Hall. Walsingham's team intercepted them, decoded them and copied them before sending them on.

    

22. The Reformation and the TudorsMedium

    22. What did Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy of 1534 declare?

    1. AThat the pope was a foreign bishop of Rome
    2. BThat monasteries must be closed
    3. CThat Henry was supreme head of the Church of England
    4. DThat Anne Boleyn was queen
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    C. That Henry was supreme head of the Church of England. The Act made the king supreme head of the English Church. The closing of the monasteries began in 1536.

    

23. The Reformation and the TudorsHard

    23. Why did Catholic France enter the war on the Protestant side in 1635?

    1. ARichelieu wanted to weaken the Habsburgs, who surrounded France
    2. BRichelieu had secretly converted to the Protestant faith
    3. CThe pope had ordered France to fight the emperor
    4. DFrance wanted to protect the Calvinist city of Geneva
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    A. Richelieu wanted to weaken the Habsburgs, who surrounded France. Richelieu put the interests of the state above religion. Breaking Habsburg power mattered more to France than the faith of its allies.

    

24. The Reformation and the TudorsHard

    24. Which event is traditionally seen as starting the Thirty Years' War?

    1. AThe Battle of White Mountain
    2. BThe Defenestration of Prague
    3. CThe sack of Magdeburg
    4. DThe signing of the Peace of Augsburg
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    B. The Defenestration of Prague. Bohemian nobles threw royal officials from a window of Prague Castle in May 1618. White Mountain came in 1620 and Magdeburg in 1631.

    

25. The Reformation and the TudorsHard

    25. What did the Peace of Westphalia change about the 1555 Peace of Augsburg?

    1. AIt ended it completely
    2. BIt restored Catholicism across the Empire
    3. CIt extended its terms to Calvinists
    4. DIt banned Lutheranism
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    C. It extended its terms to Calvinists. The Augsburg rule that each ruler chose his territory's religion was confirmed and extended to Calvinists.